Monday, May 10, 2010
Sunday, May 9, 2010
day 24: again
day 24:
Outline of World Religions
1. Hinduism (religion)
· Most believe in one God with three persons:
Brahma – the creator; Vishnu – the preserver of creations. He comes to earth when dharma (eternal order, righteousness, religion, law and duty) is threatened; and Shiva – the destroyer; sometimes compassionate, erotic, and/or destructive
· Believe in transmigration of the soul (transfer of one’s soul after death into another body)
· Samsara - Continuous cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth through many lifetimes
· Karma – sum of good and bad deeds; determines your next life
· After many lifetimes of good karma, one can escape samsara and achieve enlightenment
· Four aims of Hinduism: dharma (righteousness in religious life), artha (success in economic life), kama (gratification of senses), and moksa (liberation from samsara).
2. Confucianism (philosophy)
· A highly optimistic view of human nature
· Promotes reforming the government so that it is more centered around helping the people
· Encourages virtue, especially in government officials, and respect for the following: elders and authority figures, traditional beliefs, ritual practices, education, and close family bonds.
· Everyone should have self-virtue (modesty, truthfulness, loyalty, charity and learning)
· If rulers do not display the highest virtues, and promote them, then the people will not be as likely to obtain these virtues
· Aims for harmonious relationships that will cause all around peace
· Everyone should have self-virtue (modesty, truthfulness, loyalty, charity and learning)
· Golden Rule: What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.
· Main principal is ren (compassion) which harmonizes with li (rituals), zhong (doing one’s utmost), shu (consideration, for others), and xiao (filial piety). Together they constitute de (virtue).
3. Buddhism (religion)
· Focuses on selflessness, finding an inner-peace, meditation (a mind that lets go), serving others, awareness, not conforming to the world’s ways, generosity, goodness, patience, effort, and wisdom.
· The fundamental teachings are the four noble truths:
1. There is suffering
2. There is a cause for suffering
3. There is a cessation of suffering
4. There is a path leading to the cessation of suffering
· The Noble Eightfold Path describes the way to the end of suffering. It leads to the truth and understanding of all things.
1. Right view – understand wholesome and unwholesome deeds and the law of Karma
2. Right intention - intention of non-greed, non-hatred, and non-delusion
3. Right speech- no false speech, malicious speech, harsh speech, and idle chatter
4. Right action – no killing, stealing, or sexual misconduct
5. Right livelihood – no wrong or corrupt means of livelihood
6. Right effort – without effort, nothing can be achieved, but effort needs to be guided in the right direction (effort fuels desire, envy, violence, honesty, self-discipline and kindness, etc.)
7. Right mindfulness - contemplation on body, contemplation on feelings, contemplation on mind and contemplation on mind-objects.
8. Right concentration - Abandoning of five hindrances namely lust, ill-will sloth-torpor, worry-agitation and doubt through jhanas.
4. Judeo/Christian/Islam (religions)
· Christianity: “a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior” 1
· Judeo: “Based on the ancient Hebrew beliefs and writings (referred to as the Old Testament by other religions), current doctrine is that if every member of the faith strives to live within God’s law, he (God) will fulfill his promise (covenant), and send a messiah to restore the Jews to their rightful place as the ruling class.” 2
· Islam - “a monotheistic religion based on revelations received by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, which were later recorded in the Qur'an (Koran), Islam's sacred text. … The Arabic word islam means "submission," reflecting the religion's central tenet of submitting to the will of God. Islamic practices are defined by the Five Pillars of Islam: faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and alms.” 3
· Monotheistic religions (all believe in one God)
· Christians- Trinity of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Believe that God showed himself in the flesh through Jesus Christ.
· Judaism- one God who can not be divided into parts (didn’t believe Jesus was God)
· Islam- Believe in an immaterial, invisible God, who is feared because He has infinite power.
· Each have prophets or saints, and all acknowledge that Moses was a prophet of God
· Islam- believe Jesus was a prophet
· Believe in an afterlife
· Believe that God is what has created everything, and he is merciful and cares about the well being of everyone
· Believe in Paradise/Heaven for those who believe and live with God in their life
· Each have Holy Books, and also expect there to be some communication between one’s self and God (prayer and praise)
· Have rules to live by in everyday life
1 “WordNet Search - 3.0”
2 “Glossary”
3 “Religion Facts”
